Psalm 3

Hebrew verse numbers shown below. English translations merge Hebrew verses 1 and 2 into being verse 1, so all subsequent verse numbers are out by one.

PhraseDistinctive CantillationTranslation
LevelMarkNesting Level (Rule)
kingAtnach0 (1)1. A song of/for/belonging to David
kingRevia Mugrash1 (2)when he fled
kingMahpakh Legarmeh2 (2)from before (the face of)
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)his son Absalom
kingAtnach0 (1)2. (O) LORD how many enemies
kingMahpakh Legarmeh1 (2)many(s)
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)attack upon me
dukeTsinnor0 (1)3. Many(s)
kingAtnach0 (1)say
kingMahpakh Legarmeh1 (2)to my soul
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)"There is no salvation to him from God", Selah
dukeDechi0 (1)4. And/But you LORD
kingAtnach0 (1)are a shield about me
kingRevia Mugrash1 (2)my glory
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)lifter of my head
kingAtnach0 (1)5. My voice called out to the LORD
dukeDechi2 (2)and he answered me from his mountain
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)holy, selah
kingRevia0 (1)6. I lay (me) down
kingOle We Yored1 (2)to sleep
kingAtnach2 (2)I awoke
dukeDechi4 (2)for/because
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)the LORD (he) would support/sustain me
dukeDechi0 (1)7. I will not be afraid
kingAtnach0 (1)of myriads of peoples
kingRevia Mugrash1 (2)which around
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)set upon me
kingAzla Legarmeh0 (1)8. Arise LORD
kingRevia1 (2)save me my God
kingAtnach2 (2)For you have struck (or will certainly strike in the future) all my enemies to the jaw
dukeDechi4 (2)teeth (might) of
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)the wicked break
kingAtnach0 (1)9. To the LORD is (belongs) salvation
dukeDechi2 (2)upon your people
emporerSof Pasuq0 (1)your blessings, selah

Cantillation mark information

  1. Table of marks
  2. Explanation of mark sturctures

Nesting rules

The real nesting levels (0 for top-level, 1 for halves of top-level, 2 for quarters etc.) of the marks can be recovered from the ranks:

  1. For an emperor (or king, or duke, or officer) that has no mark of the same or a higher rank ahead of it, the nesting level is 0 (or 1, or 2, or 3, resp.).
  2. For a mark that is lower in rank than its predecessor by k ranks or equal in rank (that is: lower by k=0 ranks), the nesting level is k+1 more than the nesting level of the predecessor.
  3. For a mark that is higher in rank than its predecessor, the nesting level is the same as it would have been, had all marks of lower rank been removed.

The indentation of each line reflected the nesting level of the mark that terminated the preceding line.